[{"command":"settings","settings":{"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"entitySetting":{"type":"bibcite_reference","bundle":"journal_article","mapping":{"node":{"blog":"blog","class":"classes","events":"calendar","faq":"faq","link":"links","news":"news","page":"","person":"people","presentation":"presentations","software_project":"software","software_release":"software"},"bibcite_reference":{"*":"publications"},"paragraph":{"class_material":"classes"}},"viewmode":"teaser"},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"7f1a171f8b0b5a764cab6d1b118f6329cfc3469f3145adbaf7b7495bbf60a5ea"}},"merge":true},{"command":"add_css","data":[{"rel":"stylesheet","media":"all","href":"\/files\/css\/css_rH_UltWwK8PUifTJVWlcPhvs2RbPww4qE3l6Fpu5XQ0.css?delta=0\u0026language=en\u0026theme=texasbio_eligendi\u0026include=eJxLLogvSazIz8vPrdRPRrD1SvLT03NS40tSi3KLARE8Dsw"}]},{"command":"add_js","selector":"body","data":[{"src":"\/files\/js\/js_P10ZNjrwWQQv11hbXEXYrAZA8NzRR_yTNLLYS38Lvww.js?scope=footer\u0026delta=0\u0026language=en\u0026theme=texasbio_eligendi\u0026include=eJxdyFEKgCAMANALid6iI_QrtoYMphO3ld2-z6C_x4ORrSzp0p4En6NJrYzZcDYNonn4wQTFSLqmc_ooHH8dGymES8kwgXTDZV54c-ad8H4BzD0qTg"}]},{"command":"insert","method":"replaceWith","selector":"#","data":"\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field field--name-field-widget-title field--type-string field--label-visually_hidden field--mode-full\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--label sr-only\u0022\u003EWidget Title\u003C\/div\u003E\n              \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--item\u0022\u003ERepresentative Papers\u003C\/div\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n\u003Cul  id=\u0022list-of-posts\u0022 more_link_id=\u0022node-readmore\u0022 class=\u0022publications view-teaser list-view\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003E\n\u003Carticle class=\u0022bibcite-reference bibcite bibcite--teaser\u0022\u003E\n  \n  \n  \n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022bibcite__content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022bibcite-citation\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022csl-bib-body\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022csl-entry\u0022\u003EMishra, Anurag R, Debasis Nayak, and Siddappa N Byrareddy. (2022) 2022. \u201c\u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/publications\/are-we-moving-toward-ending-sars-cov-2\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EAre We Moving Toward\u00a0ending SARS-CoV-2?\u003C\/a\u003E\u201d. \u003Ci\u003EJournal of Medical Virology\u003C\/i\u003E 94 (7): 2921-24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.27722.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field field--name-publishers-version field--type-link field--label-visually_hidden field--mode-teaser\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--label sr-only\u0022\u003EPublisher\u0027s Version\u003C\/div\u003E\n              \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--item\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/35288953\u0022\u003EPublisher\u0026#039;s Version\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022more-tags\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cspan class=\u0022morecontent\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022morechildren\u0022\u003E\n        , \n                  \u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/publicationterms\/epigenetic-mechanisms-underlying-cannabinoid-modulation-neuroinflammation-hivsiv\u0022\u003EEpigenetic mechanisms underlying cannabinoid modulation of neuroinflammation in HIV\/SIV infection\u003C\/a\u003E,                   \u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/publicationterms\/epigenetic-mechanisms-underlying-cannabinoid-modulation-neuroinflammation-hivsiv-0\u0022\u003EEpigenetic mechanisms underlying cannabinoid modulation of neuroinflammation in HIV\/SIV infection-supplement\u003C\/a\u003E            \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/article\u003E\n\u003C\/li\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003E\n\u003Carticle class=\u0022bibcite-reference bibcite bibcite--teaser\u0022\u003E\n  \n  \n  \n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022bibcite__content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022bibcite-citation\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022csl-bib-body\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022csl-entry\u0022\u003EChen, Min, Min Li, Marietta M Budai, Andrew P Rice, Jason T Kimata, Mahesh Mohan, and Jin Wang. (2022) 2022. \u201c\u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/publications\/clearance-hiv-1-or-siv-reservoirs-promotion-apoptosis-and-inhibition-autophagy\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EClearance of HIV-1 or SIV Reservoirs by Promotion of Apoptosis and Inhibition of Autophagy: Targeting Intracellular Molecules in Cure-Directed Strategies.\u003C\/a\u003E\u201d. \u003Ci\u003EJournal of Leukocyte Biology\u003C\/i\u003E 112 (5): 1245-59. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/JLB.4MR0222-606.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field field--name-publishers-version field--type-link field--label-visually_hidden field--mode-teaser\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--label sr-only\u0022\u003EPublisher\u0027s Version\u003C\/div\u003E\n              \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--item\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/35362118\u0022\u003EPublisher\u0026#039;s Version\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022more-tags\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cspan class=\u0022morecontent\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022morechildren\u0022\u003E\n        , \n                  \u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/publicationterms\/epigenetic-mechanisms-underlying-cannabinoid-modulation-neuroinflammation-hivsiv\u0022\u003EEpigenetic mechanisms underlying cannabinoid modulation of neuroinflammation in HIV\/SIV infection\u003C\/a\u003E,                   \u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/publicationterms\/epigenetic-mechanisms-underlying-cannabinoid-modulation-neuroinflammation-hivsiv-0\u0022\u003EEpigenetic mechanisms underlying cannabinoid modulation of neuroinflammation in HIV\/SIV infection-supplement\u003C\/a\u003E            \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/article\u003E\n\u003C\/li\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003E\n\u003Carticle class=\u0022bibcite-reference bibcite bibcite--teaser\u0022\u003E\n  \n  \n  \n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022bibcite__content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022bibcite-citation\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022csl-bib-body\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022csl-entry\u0022\u003EDevadoss, Dinesh, Arpan Acharya, Marko Manevski, Dominika Houserova, Michael D Cioffi, Kabita Pandey, Madhavan Nair, et al. (2022) 2022. \u201c\u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/publications\/immunomodulatory-lncrna-antisense-strand-icam-1-augments-sars-cov-2-infection\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EImmunomodulatory LncRNA on Antisense Strand of ICAM-1 Augments SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Associated Airway Mucoinflammatory Phenotype.\u003C\/a\u003E\u201d. \u003Ci\u003EIScience\u003C\/i\u003E 25 (8): 104685. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104685.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field field--name-publishers-version field--type-link field--label-visually_hidden field--mode-teaser\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--label sr-only\u0022\u003EPublisher\u0027s Version\u003C\/div\u003E\n              \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--item\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/35789750\u0022\u003EPublisher\u0026#039;s Version\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n                \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--label field--abstract\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cbutton class=\u0022btn-abstract collapsed\u0022 data-toggle=\u0022collapse\u0022 data-target=\u0022#collapseAbstract\u0022 aria-expanded=\u0022false\u0022 aria-controls=\u0022collapseAbstract\u0022\u003EAbstract \u003C\/button\u003E\n    \u003C\/div\u003E\n                  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--item abstract--content collapse\u0022 id=\u0022collapseAbstract\u0022 aria-expanded=\u0026quot;false\u0026quot;\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENoncoding RNAs are important regulators of mucoinflammatory response, but\u00a0little is known about the contribution of airway long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in COVID-19. RNA-seq analysis showed a more than 4-fold increased expression of \u003Ci\u003EIL-6\u003C\/i\u003E, \u003Ci\u003EICAM-1\u003C\/i\u003E, \u003Ci\u003ECXCL-8\u003C\/i\u003E, and \u003Ci\u003ESCGB1A1\u003C\/i\u003E inflammatory factors; \u003Ci\u003EMUC5AC\u003C\/i\u003E and\u00a0\u003Ci\u003EMUC5B\u003C\/i\u003E mucins; and \u003Ci\u003ESPDEF\u003C\/i\u003E, \u003Ci\u003EFOXA3\u003C\/i\u003E, and \u003Ci\u003EFOXJ1\u003C\/i\u003E transcription factors in COVID-19 patient nasal samples compared with uninfected controls. A lncRNA on antisense strand to ICAM-1 or \u003Ci\u003ELASI\u003C\/i\u003E was induced 2-fold in COVID-19 patients, and its expression was directly correlated with viral loads. A SARS-CoV-2-infected 3D-airway model largely recapitulated these clinical findings. RNA microscopy and molecular modeling indicated a possible interaction between viral RNA and \u003Ci\u003ELASI\u003C\/i\u003E lncRNA. Notably, blocking \u003Ci\u003ELASI\u003C\/i\u003E lncRNA reduced the SARS-CoV-2 replication and suppressed MUC5AC mucin levels and associated inflammation, and select \u003Ci\u003ELASI\u003C\/i\u003E-dependent miRNAs (e.g., let-7b-5p and miR-200a-5p) were implicated. Thus, \u003Ci\u003ELASI\u003C\/i\u003E lncRNA represents an essential facilitator of SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated airway mucoinflammatory response.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022more-tags\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cspan class=\u0022morecontent\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022morechildren\u0022\u003E\n        , \n                  \u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/publicationterms\/epigenetic-mechanisms-underlying-cannabinoid-modulation-neuroinflammation-hivsiv\u0022\u003EEpigenetic mechanisms underlying cannabinoid modulation of neuroinflammation in HIV\/SIV infection\u003C\/a\u003E,                   \u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/publicationterms\/epigenetic-mechanisms-underlying-cannabinoid-modulation-neuroinflammation-hivsiv-0\u0022\u003EEpigenetic mechanisms underlying cannabinoid modulation of neuroinflammation in HIV\/SIV infection-supplement\u003C\/a\u003E            \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/article\u003E\n\u003C\/li\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003E\n\u003Carticle class=\u0022bibcite-reference bibcite bibcite--teaser\u0022\u003E\n  \n  \n  \n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022bibcite__content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022bibcite-citation\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022csl-bib-body\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022csl-entry\u0022\u003EZagorski, Karen, Kabita Pandey, Rajesh Rajaiah, Omalla Olwenyi, Aditya Bade, Arpan Acharya, Morgan Johnston, Shaun Filliaux, Yuri Lyubchenko, and Siddappa Byrareddy. (2022) 2022. \u201c\u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/publications\/peptide-nanoarray-scaffold-vaccine-sars-cov-2-and-its-variants-concerns\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EPeptide Nanoarray Scaffold Vaccine for SARS-COV-2 and Its Variants of Concerns.\u003C\/a\u003E\u201d. \u003Ci\u003EResearch Square\u003C\/i\u003E. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-1206402\/v1.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field field--name-publishers-version field--type-link field--label-visually_hidden field--mode-teaser\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--label sr-only\u0022\u003EPublisher\u0027s Version\u003C\/div\u003E\n              \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--item\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/35118461\u0022\u003EPublisher\u0026#039;s Version\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n                \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--label field--abstract\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cbutton class=\u0022btn-abstract collapsed\u0022 data-toggle=\u0022collapse\u0022 data-target=\u0022#collapseAbstract\u0022 aria-expanded=\u0022false\u0022 aria-controls=\u0022collapseAbstract\u0022\u003EAbstract \u003C\/button\u003E\n    \u003C\/div\u003E\n                  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--item abstract--content collapse\u0022 id=\u0022collapseAbstract\u0022 aria-expanded=\u0026quot;false\u0026quot;\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe current vaccine development strategies for the COVID-19 pandemic utilize whole inactive or attenuated viruses, virus-like particles, recombinant proteins, and antigen-coding DNA and mRNA with various delivery strategies. While highly effective, these vaccine development strategies are time-consuming and often do not provide reliable protection for immunocompromised individuals, young children, and pregnant women. Here, we propose a novel modular vaccine platform to address these shortcomings using chemically synthesized peptides and identified based on the validated bioinformatic data about the target. The vaccine is based on the rational design of an immunogen containing two defined B-cell epitopes from the spike protein of SARS-Co-V2 and a universal T-helper epitope PADRE assembled on the DNA scaffold. The results demonstrate that this assembly is immunogenic and generates neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 wild type and its variants of concerns (VOC). This newly designed peptide nanoarray scaffold vaccine is useful in controlling virus transmission in immunocompromised individuals, as well as individuals who are prone to vaccine-induced adverse reactions. Given that the immunogen is modular, epitopes or immunomodulatory ligands can be easily introduced in order to tailor the vaccine to the recipient. This also allows the already developed vaccine to be modified rapidly according to the identified mutations of the virus.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022more-tags\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cspan class=\u0022morecontent\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022morechildren\u0022\u003E\n        , \n                  \u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/publicationterms\/epigenetic-mechanisms-underlying-cannabinoid-modulation-neuroinflammation-hivsiv\u0022\u003EEpigenetic mechanisms underlying cannabinoid modulation of neuroinflammation in HIV\/SIV infection\u003C\/a\u003E,                   \u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/publicationterms\/epigenetic-mechanisms-underlying-cannabinoid-modulation-neuroinflammation-hivsiv-0\u0022\u003EEpigenetic mechanisms underlying cannabinoid modulation of neuroinflammation in HIV\/SIV infection-supplement\u003C\/a\u003E            \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/article\u003E\n\u003C\/li\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003E\n\u003Carticle class=\u0022bibcite-reference bibcite bibcite--teaser\u0022\u003E\n  \n  \n  \n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022bibcite__content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022bibcite-citation\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022csl-bib-body\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022csl-entry\u0022\u003EKaddour, Hussein, Marina McDew-White, Miguel M Madeira, Malik A Tranquille, Stella E Tsirka, Mahesh Mohan, and Chioma M Okeoma. (2022) 2022. \u201c\u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/publications\/chronic-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-thc-treatment-counteracts-siv-induced-modulation\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EChronic Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Treatment Counteracts SIV-Induced Modulation of Proinflammatory MicroRNA Cargo in Basal Ganglia-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.\u003C\/a\u003E\u201d. \u003Ci\u003EJournal of Neuroinflammation\u003C\/i\u003E 19 (1): 225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-022-02586-9.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field field--name-publishers-version field--type-link field--label-visually_hidden field--mode-teaser\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--label sr-only\u0022\u003EPublisher\u0027s Version\u003C\/div\u003E\n              \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--item\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/36096938\u0022\u003EPublisher\u0026#039;s Version\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n                \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--label field--abstract\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cbutton class=\u0022btn-abstract collapsed\u0022 data-toggle=\u0022collapse\u0022 data-target=\u0022#collapseAbstract\u0022 aria-expanded=\u0022false\u0022 aria-controls=\u0022collapseAbstract\u0022\u003EAbstract \u003C\/button\u003E\n    \u003C\/div\u003E\n                  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--item abstract--content collapse\u0022 id=\u0022collapseAbstract\u0022 aria-expanded=\u0026quot;false\u0026quot;\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EBACKGROUND: \u003C\/b\u003EEarly invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (Gray et al. in Brain Pathol 6:1-15, 1996; An et al. in Ann Neurol 40:611-6172, 1996), results in neuroinflammation, potentially through extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their micro RNAs (miRNA) cargoes (Sharma et al. in FASEB J 32:5174-5185, 2018; Hu et al. in Cell Death Dis 3:e381, 2012). Although the basal ganglia (BG) is a major target and reservoir of HIV in the CNS (Chaganti et al. in Aids 33:1843-1852, 2019; Mintzopoulos et al. in Magn Reson Med 81:2896-2904, 2019), whether BG produces EVs and the effect of HIV and\/or the phytocannabinoid-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on BG-EVs and HIV neuropathogenesis remain unknown.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EMETHODS: \u003C\/b\u003EWe used the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) model of HIV and THC treatment in rhesus macaques (Molina et al. in AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 27:585-592, 2011) to demonstrate for the first time that BG contains EVs (BG-EVs), and that BG-EVs cargo and function are modulated by SIV and THC. We also used primary astrocytes from the brains of wild type (WT) and CX3CR1+\/GFP mice to investigate the significance of BG-EVs in CNS cells.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003ERESULTS: \u003C\/b\u003ESignificant changes in BG-EV-associated miRNA specific to SIV infection and THC treatment were observed. BG-EVs from SIV-infected rhesus macaques (SIV EVs) contained 11 significantly downregulated miRNAs. Remarkably, intervention with THC led to significant upregulation of 37 miRNAs in BG-EVs (SIV-THC EVs). Most of these miRNAs are predicted to regulate pathways related to inflammation\/immune regulation, TLR signaling, Neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling, and cell death\/response. BG-EVs activated WT and CX3CR1+\/GFP astrocytes and altered the expression of CD40, TNF\u03b1, MMP-2, and MMP-2 gene products in primary mouse astrocytes in an EV and CX3CR1 dependent manners.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003ECONCLUSIONS: \u003C\/b\u003EOur findings reveal a role for BG-EVs as a vehicle with potential to disseminate HIV- and THC-induced changes within the CNS.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022more-tags\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022see-more-tag\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cstrong\u003ESee also:\u003C\/strong\u003E\n              \u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/publicationterms\/cannabinoid-modulation-ev-composition-and-function-hivsiv-infection\u0022\u003ECannabinoid modulation of EV composition and function in HIV\/SIV infection\u003C\/a\u003E          \u003C\/div\u003E\n        \u003Cspan class=\u0022morecontent\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022morechildren\u0022\u003E\n        , \n                  \u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/publicationterms\/epigenetic-mechanisms-underlying-cannabinoid-modulation-neuroinflammation-hivsiv\u0022\u003EEpigenetic mechanisms underlying cannabinoid modulation of neuroinflammation in HIV\/SIV infection\u003C\/a\u003E,                   \u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/publicationterms\/epigenetic-mechanisms-underlying-cannabinoid-modulation-neuroinflammation-hivsiv-0\u0022\u003EEpigenetic mechanisms underlying cannabinoid modulation of neuroinflammation in HIV\/SIV infection-supplement\u003C\/a\u003E            \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/article\u003E\n\u003C\/li\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003E\n\u003Carticle class=\u0022bibcite-reference bibcite bibcite--teaser\u0022\u003E\n  \n  \n  \n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022bibcite__content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022bibcite-citation\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022csl-bib-body\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022csl-entry\u0022\u003EKannan, Saathvik R, Austin N Spratt, Kalicharan Sharma, Ramesh Goyal, Anders S\u00f6nnerborg, Subbu Apparsundaram, Christian L Lorson, Siddappa N Byrareddy, and Kamal Singh. (2022) 2022. \u201c\u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/publications\/complex-mutation-pattern-omicron-ba2-evading-antibodies-without-losing-receptor\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EComplex Mutation Pattern of Omicron BA.2: Evading Antibodies Without Losing Receptor Interactions.\u003C\/a\u003E\u201d. \u003Ci\u003EInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences\u003C\/i\u003E 23 (10). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23105534.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field field--name-publishers-version field--type-link field--label-visually_hidden field--mode-teaser\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--label sr-only\u0022\u003EPublisher\u0027s Version\u003C\/div\u003E\n              \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--item\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/35628343\u0022\u003EPublisher\u0026#039;s Version\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n                \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--label field--abstract\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cbutton class=\u0022btn-abstract collapsed\u0022 data-toggle=\u0022collapse\u0022 data-target=\u0022#collapseAbstract\u0022 aria-expanded=\u0022false\u0022 aria-controls=\u0022collapseAbstract\u0022\u003EAbstract \u003C\/button\u003E\n    \u003C\/div\u003E\n                  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--item abstract--content collapse\u0022 id=\u0022collapseAbstract\u0022 aria-expanded=\u0026quot;false\u0026quot;\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBA.2, a sublineage of Omicron BA.1, is now prominent in many parts of the world. Early reports have indicated that BA.2 is more infectious than BA.1. To gain insight into BA.2 mutation profile and the resulting impact of mutations on interactions with receptor and\/or monoclonal antibodies, we analyzed available sequences, structures of Spike\/receptor and Spike\/antibody complexes, and conducted molecular dynamics simulations. The results showed that BA.2 had 50 high-prevalent mutations, compared to 48 in BA.1. Additionally, 17 BA.1 mutations were not present in BA.2. Instead, BA.2 had 19 unique mutations and a signature Delta variant mutation (G142D). The BA.2 had 28 signature mutations in Spike, compared to 30 in BA.1. This was due to two revertant mutations, S446G and S496G, in the receptor-binding domain (RBD), making BA.2 somewhat similar to Wuhan-Hu-1 (WT), which had G446 and G496. The molecular dynamics simulations showed that the RBD consisting of G446\/G496 was more stable than S446\/S496 containing RBD. Thus, our analyses suggested that BA.2 evolved with novel mutations (i) to maintain receptor binding similar to WT, (ii) evade the antibody binding greater than BA.1, and (iii) acquire mutation of the Delta variant that may be associated with the high infectivity.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022more-tags\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cspan class=\u0022morecontent\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022morechildren\u0022\u003E\n        , \n                  \u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/publicationterms\/epigenetic-mechanisms-underlying-cannabinoid-modulation-neuroinflammation-hivsiv\u0022\u003EEpigenetic mechanisms underlying cannabinoid modulation of neuroinflammation in HIV\/SIV infection\u003C\/a\u003E,                   \u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/publicationterms\/epigenetic-mechanisms-underlying-cannabinoid-modulation-neuroinflammation-hivsiv-0\u0022\u003EEpigenetic mechanisms underlying cannabinoid modulation of neuroinflammation in HIV\/SIV infection-supplement\u003C\/a\u003E            \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/article\u003E\n\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003C\/ul\u003E\n  \u003Cnav role=\u0022navigation\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022pagination-for-lop-epigenetic-mechanisms-underlying-cannabinoid-modulation-of-neuroinflammation-in-hivsiv-infection\u0022 id=pager-heading\u003E\n    \u003Ch3 id=\u0022pagination-for-lop-epigenetic-mechanisms-underlying-cannabinoid-modulation-of-neuroinflammation-in-hivsiv-infection\u0022 class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022\u003Epagination for lop epigenetic mechanisms underlying cannabinoid modulation of neuroinflammation in hivsiv infection\u003C\/h3\u003E\n    \u003Cul class=\u0022js-pager__items pager-mini\u0022\u003E\n            \u003Cli class=\u0022current\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cspan aria-live=\u0022polite\u0022\u003E\n            \u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022\u003ELOP - Epigenetic mechanisms underlying cannabinoid modulation of neuroinflammation in HIV\/SIV infection\u003C\/span\u003E\n            1 of 3\n          \u003C\/span\u003E      \u003C\/li\u003E\n              \u003Cli\u003E\n          \u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/refresh-widget-content\/1598?page=1\u0026amp;selector=list-of-posts\u0026amp;pagerid=pager-heading\u0026amp;moreid=node-readmore\u0022 class=\u0022use-ajax next\u0022 rel=\u0022next\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022\u003E\u203a\u203a\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022\u003ENext page\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\n        \u003C\/li\u003E\n          \u003C\/ul\u003E\n  \u003C\/nav\u003E\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022node-readmore\u0022 id=node-readmore\u003E\n            \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field field--name-field-url-for-the-more-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field--mode-_custom field--item\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/publications\u0022\u003EMore\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n","settings":null},{"command":"insert","method":"replaceWith","selector":"#","data":"","settings":null},{"command":"insert","method":"replaceWith","selector":"#","data":"","settings":null},{"command":"insert","method":"replaceWith","selector":".field--name-field-widget-title","data":"","settings":null}]