[{"command":"settings","settings":{"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"entitySetting":{"type":"bibcite_reference","bundle":"journal_article","mapping":{"node":{"blog":"blog","class":"classes","events":"calendar","faq":"faq","link":"links","news":"news","page":"","person":"people","presentation":"presentations","software_project":"software","software_release":"software"},"bibcite_reference":{"*":"publications"},"paragraph":{"class_material":"classes"}},"viewmode":"teaser"},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"7f1a171f8b0b5a764cab6d1b118f6329cfc3469f3145adbaf7b7495bbf60a5ea"}},"merge":true},{"command":"add_css","data":[{"rel":"stylesheet","media":"all","href":"\/files\/css\/css_rH_UltWwK8PUifTJVWlcPhvs2RbPww4qE3l6Fpu5XQ0.css?delta=0\u0026language=en\u0026theme=texasbio_eligendi\u0026include=eJxLLogvSazIz8vPrdRPRrD1SvLT03NS40tSi3KLARE8Dsw"}]},{"command":"add_js","selector":"body","data":[{"src":"\/files\/js\/js_P10ZNjrwWQQv11hbXEXYrAZA8NzRR_yTNLLYS38Lvww.js?scope=footer\u0026delta=0\u0026language=en\u0026theme=texasbio_eligendi\u0026include=eJxdyFEKgCAMANALid6iI_QrtoYMphO3ld2-z6C_x4ORrSzp0p4En6NJrYzZcDYNonn4wQTFSLqmc_ooHH8dGymES8kwgXTDZV54c-ad8H4BzD0qTg"}]},{"command":"insert","method":"replaceWith","selector":"#","data":"\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field field--name-field-widget-title field--type-string field--label-visually_hidden field--mode-full\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--label sr-only\u0022\u003EWidget Title\u003C\/div\u003E\n              \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--item\u0022\u003ERepresentative Papers\u003C\/div\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n\u003Cul  id=\u0022list-of-posts\u0022 more_link_id=\u0022node-readmore\u0022 class=\u0022publications view-teaser list-view\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003E\n\u003Carticle class=\u0022bibcite-reference bibcite bibcite--teaser\u0022\u003E\n  \n  \n  \n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022bibcite__content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022bibcite-citation\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022csl-bib-body\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022csl-entry\u0022\u003EKaddour, Hussein, Marina McDew-White, Miguel M Madeira, Malik A Tranquille, Stella E Tsirka, Mahesh Mohan, and Chioma M Okeoma. (2022) 2022. \u201c\u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/publications\/chronic-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-thc-treatment-counteracts-siv-induced-modulation\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EChronic Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Treatment Counteracts SIV-Induced Modulation of Proinflammatory MicroRNA Cargo in Basal Ganglia-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.\u003C\/a\u003E\u201d. \u003Ci\u003EJournal of Neuroinflammation\u003C\/i\u003E 19 (1): 225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-022-02586-9.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field field--name-publishers-version field--type-link field--label-visually_hidden field--mode-teaser\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--label sr-only\u0022\u003EPublisher\u0027s Version\u003C\/div\u003E\n              \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--item\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/36096938\u0022\u003EPublisher\u0026#039;s Version\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n                \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--label field--abstract\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cbutton class=\u0022btn-abstract collapsed\u0022 data-toggle=\u0022collapse\u0022 data-target=\u0022#collapseAbstract\u0022 aria-expanded=\u0022false\u0022 aria-controls=\u0022collapseAbstract\u0022\u003EAbstract \u003C\/button\u003E\n    \u003C\/div\u003E\n                  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--item abstract--content collapse\u0022 id=\u0022collapseAbstract\u0022 aria-expanded=\u0026quot;false\u0026quot;\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EBACKGROUND: \u003C\/b\u003EEarly invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (Gray et al. in Brain Pathol 6:1-15, 1996; An et al. in Ann Neurol 40:611-6172, 1996), results in neuroinflammation, potentially through extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their micro RNAs (miRNA) cargoes (Sharma et al. in FASEB J 32:5174-5185, 2018; Hu et al. in Cell Death Dis 3:e381, 2012). Although the basal ganglia (BG) is a major target and reservoir of HIV in the CNS (Chaganti et al. in Aids 33:1843-1852, 2019; Mintzopoulos et al. in Magn Reson Med 81:2896-2904, 2019), whether BG produces EVs and the effect of HIV and\/or the phytocannabinoid-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on BG-EVs and HIV neuropathogenesis remain unknown.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EMETHODS: \u003C\/b\u003EWe used the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) model of HIV and THC treatment in rhesus macaques (Molina et al. in AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 27:585-592, 2011) to demonstrate for the first time that BG contains EVs (BG-EVs), and that BG-EVs cargo and function are modulated by SIV and THC. We also used primary astrocytes from the brains of wild type (WT) and CX3CR1+\/GFP mice to investigate the significance of BG-EVs in CNS cells.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003ERESULTS: \u003C\/b\u003ESignificant changes in BG-EV-associated miRNA specific to SIV infection and THC treatment were observed. BG-EVs from SIV-infected rhesus macaques (SIV EVs) contained 11 significantly downregulated miRNAs. Remarkably, intervention with THC led to significant upregulation of 37 miRNAs in BG-EVs (SIV-THC EVs). Most of these miRNAs are predicted to regulate pathways related to inflammation\/immune regulation, TLR signaling, Neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling, and cell death\/response. BG-EVs activated WT and CX3CR1+\/GFP astrocytes and altered the expression of CD40, TNF\u03b1, MMP-2, and MMP-2 gene products in primary mouse astrocytes in an EV and CX3CR1 dependent manners.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003ECONCLUSIONS: \u003C\/b\u003EOur findings reveal a role for BG-EVs as a vehicle with potential to disseminate HIV- and THC-induced changes within the CNS.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022more-tags\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022see-more-tag\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cstrong\u003ESee also:\u003C\/strong\u003E\n              \u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/publicationterms\/cannabinoid-modulation-ev-composition-and-function-hivsiv-infection\u0022\u003ECannabinoid modulation of EV composition and function in HIV\/SIV infection\u003C\/a\u003E          \u003C\/div\u003E\n        \u003Cspan class=\u0022morecontent\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022morechildren\u0022\u003E\n        , \n                  \u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/publicationterms\/epigenetic-mechanisms-underlying-cannabinoid-modulation-neuroinflammation-hivsiv\u0022\u003EEpigenetic mechanisms underlying cannabinoid modulation of neuroinflammation in HIV\/SIV infection\u003C\/a\u003E,                   \u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/publicationterms\/epigenetic-mechanisms-underlying-cannabinoid-modulation-neuroinflammation-hivsiv-0\u0022\u003EEpigenetic mechanisms underlying cannabinoid modulation of neuroinflammation in HIV\/SIV infection-supplement\u003C\/a\u003E            \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/article\u003E\n\u003C\/li\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003E\n\u003Carticle class=\u0022bibcite-reference bibcite bibcite--teaser\u0022\u003E\n  \n  \n  \n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022bibcite__content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022bibcite-citation\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022csl-bib-body\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022csl-entry\u0022\u003EMcDew-White, Marina, Eunhee Lee, Xavier Alvarez, Karol Sestak, Binhua J Ling, Siddappa N Byrareddy, Chioma M Okeoma, and Mahesh Mohan. (2022) 2022. \u201c\u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/publications\/cannabinoid-control-gingival-immune-activation-chronically-siv-infected-rhesus\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ECannabinoid Control of Gingival Immune Activation in Chronically SIV-Infected Rhesus Macaques Involves Modulation of the Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase-1 Pathway and Salivary Microbiome.\u003C\/a\u003E\u201d. \u003Ci\u003EEBioMedicine\u003C\/i\u003E 75: 103769. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103769.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field field--name-publishers-version field--type-link field--label-visually_hidden field--mode-teaser\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--label sr-only\u0022\u003EPublisher\u0027s Version\u003C\/div\u003E\n              \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--item\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/34954656\u0022\u003EPublisher\u0026#039;s Version\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n                \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--label field--abstract\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cbutton class=\u0022btn-abstract collapsed\u0022 data-toggle=\u0022collapse\u0022 data-target=\u0022#collapseAbstract\u0022 aria-expanded=\u0022false\u0022 aria-controls=\u0022collapseAbstract\u0022\u003EAbstract \u003C\/button\u003E\n    \u003C\/div\u003E\n                  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--item abstract--content collapse\u0022 id=\u0022collapseAbstract\u0022 aria-expanded=\u0026quot;false\u0026quot;\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EBACKGROUND: \u003C\/b\u003EHIV\/SIV-associated periodontal disease (gingivitis\/periodontitis) (PD) represents a major comorbidity affecting people living with HIV (PLWH) on combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART). PD is characterized by chronic inflammation and dysbiosis. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms and use of feasible therapeutic strategies to reduce\/reverse inflammation and dysbiosis remain understudied and unaddressed.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EMETHODS: \u003C\/b\u003EEmploying a systems biology approach, we report molecular, metabolome and microbiome changes underlying PD and its modulation by phytocannabinoids [delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (\u03949-THC)] in uninfected and SIV-infected rhesus macaques (RMs) untreated (VEH-untreated\/SIV) or treated with vehicle (VEH\/SIV) or \u03949-THC (THC\/SIV).\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EFINDINGS: \u003C\/b\u003EVEH- untreated\/SIV but not THC\/SIV RMs showed significant enrichment of genes linked to anti-viral defense, interferon-\u03b2, NF\u03baB, RIG-1, and JAK-STAT signaling. We focused on the anti-microbial DUOX1 and immune activation marker IDO1 that were reciprocally regulated in the gingiva of VEH-untreated\/SIV RMs. Both proteins localized to the gingival epithelium and CD163+ macrophages, and showed differential expression in the gingiva of THC\/SIV and VEH\/SIV RMs. Additionally, inflammation-associated miR-21, miR-142-3p, miR-223, and miR-125a-5p showed significantly higher expression in the gingiva of VEH\/SIV RMs. In human primary gingival epithelial cells, miR-125a-5p post-transcriptionally downregulated DUOX1 and THC inhibited IDO1 protein expression through a cannabinoid receptor-2 mediated mechanism. Interestingly, THC\/SIV RMs showed relatively reduced plasma levels of kynurenine, kynurenate, and the neurotoxic quinolinate compared to VEH\/SIV RMs at 5 months post SIV infection (MPI). Most importantly, THC blocked HIV\/SIV-induced depletion of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, and reduced Gammaproteobacteria abundance in saliva. Reduced IDO1 protein expression was associated with significantly (p\u0026lt;0.05) higher abundance of Prevotella, Lactobacillus (L. salivarius, L. buchneri, L. fermentum, L. paracasei, L. rhamnosus, L. johnsonii) and Bifidobacteria and reduced abundance of the pathogenic Porphyromonas cangingivalis and Porphyromonas macacae at 5MPI.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EINTERPRETATION: \u003C\/b\u003EThe data provides deeper insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying HIV\/SIV-induced PD and more importantly, the anti-inflammatory and anti-dysbiotic properties of THC in the oral cavity. Overall, these translational findings suggest that phytocannabinoids may help reduce gingival\/systemic inflammation, salivary dysbiosis and potentially metabolic disease\/syndrome in PLWH on cART and those with no access to cART or do not suppress the virus under cART.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EFUNDING: \u003C\/b\u003EResearch reported in this publication was supported by the National Institutes of Health Award Numbers R01DA052845 (MM and SNB), R01DA050169 (MM and CO), R01DA042524 and R56DE026930 (MM), and P51OD011104 and P51OD011133. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n        \u003Cdiv class=\u0022more-tags\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022see-more-tag\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cstrong\u003ESee also:\u003C\/strong\u003E\n              \u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/publicationterms\/cannabinoid-modulation-ev-composition-and-function-hivsiv-infection\u0022\u003ECannabinoid modulation of EV composition and function in HIV\/SIV infection\u003C\/a\u003E          \u003C\/div\u003E\n        \u003Cspan class=\u0022morecontent\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022morechildren\u0022\u003E\n        , \n                  \u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/publicationterms\/epigenetic-mechanisms-underlying-cannabinoid-modulation-neuroinflammation-hivsiv\u0022\u003EEpigenetic mechanisms underlying cannabinoid modulation of neuroinflammation in HIV\/SIV infection\u003C\/a\u003E,                   \u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/publicationterms\/epigenetic-mechanisms-underlying-cannabinoid-modulation-neuroinflammation-hivsiv-0\u0022\u003EEpigenetic mechanisms underlying cannabinoid modulation of neuroinflammation in HIV\/SIV infection-supplement\u003C\/a\u003E            \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/article\u003E\n\u003C\/li\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003E\n\u003Carticle class=\u0022bibcite-reference bibcite bibcite--teaser\u0022\u003E\n  \n  \n  \n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022bibcite__content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022bibcite-citation\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022csl-bib-body\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022csl-entry\u0022\u003EKaddour, Hussein, Steven Kopcho, Yuan Lyu, Nadia Shouman, Victor Paromov, Siddharth Pratap, Chandravanu Dash, et al. (2021) 2021. \u201c\u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/publications\/hiv-infection-and-cocaine-use-regulate-semen-extracellular-vesicles-proteome-and\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EHIV-Infection and Cocaine Use Regulate Semen Extracellular Vesicles Proteome and MiRNAome in a Manner That Mediates Strategic Monocyte Haptotaxis Governed by MiR-128 Network.\u003C\/a\u003E\u201d. \u003Ci\u003ECellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS\u003C\/i\u003E 79 (1): 5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00018-021-04068-2.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field field--name-publishers-version field--type-link field--label-visually_hidden field--mode-teaser\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--label sr-only\u0022\u003EPublisher\u0027s Version\u003C\/div\u003E\n              \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--item\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/34936021\u0022\u003EPublisher\u0026#039;s Version\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n                \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--label field--abstract\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cbutton class=\u0022btn-abstract collapsed\u0022 data-toggle=\u0022collapse\u0022 data-target=\u0022#collapseAbstract\u0022 aria-expanded=\u0022false\u0022 aria-controls=\u0022collapseAbstract\u0022\u003EAbstract \u003C\/button\u003E\n    \u003C\/div\u003E\n                  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--item abstract--content collapse\u0022 id=\u0022collapseAbstract\u0022 aria-expanded=\u0026quot;false\u0026quot;\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EBACKGROUND: \u003C\/b\u003EExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are regulators of cell-cell interactions and mediators of horizontal transfer of bioactive molecules between cells. EV-mediated cell-cell interactions play roles in physiological and pathophysiological processes, which maybe modulated by exposure to pathogens and cocaine use. However, the effect of pathogens and cocaine use on EV composition and function are not fully understood.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003ERESULTS: \u003C\/b\u003EHere, we used systems biology and multi-omics analysis to show that HIV infection (HIV\u2009+) and cocaine (COC) use (COC\u2009+) promote the release of semen-derived EVs (SEV) with dysregulated extracellular proteome (exProtein), miRNAome (exmiR), and exmiR networks. Integrating SEV proteome and miRNAome revealed a significant decrease in the enrichment of disease-associated, brain-enriched, and HIV-associated miR-128-3p (miR-128) in HIV\u2009+\u2009COC\u2009+\u2009SEV with a concomitant increase in miR-128 targets-PEAK1 and RND3\/RhoE. Using two-dimensional-substrate single cell haptotaxis, we observed that in the presence of HIV\u2009+\u2009COC\u2009+\u2009SEV, contact guidance provided by the extracellular matrix (ECM, collagen type 1) network facilitated far-ranging haptotactic cues that guided monocytes over longer distances. Functionalizing SEV with a miR-128 mimic revealed that the strategic changes in monocyte haptotaxis are in large part the result of SEV-associated miR-128.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003ECONCLUSIONS: \u003C\/b\u003EWe propose that compositionally and functionally distinct HIV\u2009+\u2009COC\u2009+\u2009and HIV-COC- SEVs and their exmiR networks may provide cells relevant but divergent haptotactic guidance in the absence of chemotactic cues, under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n              \u003Cdiv class=\u0022see-more-tag\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cstrong\u003ESee also:\u003C\/strong\u003E\n              \u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/publicationterms\/cannabinoid-modulation-ev-composition-and-function-hivsiv-infection\u0022\u003ECannabinoid modulation of EV composition and function in HIV\/SIV infection\u003C\/a\u003E          \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/article\u003E\n\u003C\/li\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003E\n\u003Carticle class=\u0022bibcite-reference bibcite bibcite--teaser\u0022\u003E\n  \n  \n  \n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022bibcite__content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022bibcite-citation\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022csl-bib-body\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022csl-entry\u0022\u003EKaddour, Hussein, Malik Tranquille, and Chioma M Okeoma. (2021) 2021. \u201c\u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/publications\/past-present-and-future-size-exclusion-chromatography-extracellular-vesicles\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EThe Past, the Present, and the Future of the Size Exclusion Chromatography in Extracellular Vesicles Separation.\u003C\/a\u003E\u201d. \u003Ci\u003EViruses\u003C\/i\u003E 13 (11). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v13112272.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field field--name-publishers-version field--type-link field--label-visually_hidden field--mode-teaser\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--label sr-only\u0022\u003EPublisher\u0027s Version\u003C\/div\u003E\n              \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--item\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/34835078\u0022\u003EPublisher\u0026#039;s Version\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n                \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--label field--abstract\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cbutton class=\u0022btn-abstract collapsed\u0022 data-toggle=\u0022collapse\u0022 data-target=\u0022#collapseAbstract\u0022 aria-expanded=\u0022false\u0022 aria-controls=\u0022collapseAbstract\u0022\u003EAbstract \u003C\/button\u003E\n    \u003C\/div\u003E\n                  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--item abstract--content collapse\u0022 id=\u0022collapseAbstract\u0022 aria-expanded=\u0026quot;false\u0026quot;\u003E\u003Cp\u003EExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membranous particles secreted by all cell types (including virus infected and uninfected cells) into the extracellular milieu. EVs carry, protect, and transport a wide array of bioactive cargoes to recipient\/target cells. EVs regulate physiological and pathophysiological processes in recipient cells and are important in therapeutics\/drug delivery. Despite these great attributes of EVs, an efficient protocol for EV separation from biofluids is lacking. Numerous techniques have been adapted for the separation of EVs with size exclusion chromatography (SEC)-based methods being the most promising. Here, we review the SEC protocols used for EV separation, and discuss opportunities for significant improvements, such as the development of novel particle purification liquid chromatography (PPLC) system capable of tandem purification and characterization of biological and synthetic particles with near-single vesicle resolution. Finally, we identify future perspectives and current issues to make PPLC a tool capable of providing a unified, automated, adaptable, yet simple and affordable particle separation resource.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n              \u003Cdiv class=\u0022see-more-tag\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cstrong\u003ESee also:\u003C\/strong\u003E\n              \u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/publicationterms\/cannabinoid-modulation-ev-composition-and-function-hivsiv-infection\u0022\u003ECannabinoid modulation of EV composition and function in HIV\/SIV infection\u003C\/a\u003E          \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/article\u003E\n\u003C\/li\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003E\n\u003Carticle class=\u0022bibcite-reference bibcite bibcite--teaser\u0022\u003E\n  \n  \n  \n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022bibcite__content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022bibcite-citation\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022csl-bib-body\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022csl-entry\u0022\u003EKaddour, Hussein, Yuan Lyu, Jennifer L Welch, Victor Paromov, Sammed N Mandape, Shruti S Sakhare, Jui Pandhare, et al. (2020) 2020. \u201c\u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/publications\/proteomics-profiling-autologous-blood-and-semen-exosomes-hiv-infected-and-uninfected\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EProteomics Profiling of Autologous Blood and Semen Exosomes from HIV-Infected and Uninfected Individuals Reveals Compositional and Functional Variabilities.\u003C\/a\u003E\u201d. \u003Ci\u003EMolecular \u0026amp; Cellular Proteomics : MCP\u003C\/i\u003E 19 (1): 78-100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/mcp.RA119.001594.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field field--name-publishers-version field--type-link field--label-visually_hidden field--mode-teaser\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--label sr-only\u0022\u003EPublisher\u0027s Version\u003C\/div\u003E\n              \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--item\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/31676584\u0022\u003EPublisher\u0026#039;s Version\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n                \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--label field--abstract\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cbutton class=\u0022btn-abstract collapsed\u0022 data-toggle=\u0022collapse\u0022 data-target=\u0022#collapseAbstract\u0022 aria-expanded=\u0022false\u0022 aria-controls=\u0022collapseAbstract\u0022\u003EAbstract \u003C\/button\u003E\n    \u003C\/div\u003E\n                  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--item abstract--content collapse\u0022 id=\u0022collapseAbstract\u0022 aria-expanded=\u0026quot;false\u0026quot;\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBlood and semen are important body-fluids that carry exosomes for bioinformation transmission. Therefore, characterization of their proteomes is necessary for understanding body-fluid-specific physiologic and pathophysiologic functions. Using systematic multifactorial proteomic profiling, we characterized the proteomes of exosomes and exosome-free fractions from autologous blood and semen from three HIV-uninfected and three HIV-infected participants (total of 24 samples). We identified exosome-based protein signatures specific to blood and semen along with HIV-induced tissue-dependent proteomic perturbations. We validated our findings with samples from 16 additional donors and showed that unlike blood exosomes (BE), semen exosomes (SE) are enriched in clusterin. SE but not BE promote Protein\u00b7Nucleic acid binding and increase cell adhesion irrespective of HIV infection. This is the first comparative study of the proteome of autologous BE and SE. The proteins identified may be developed as biomarkers applicable to different fields of medicine, including reproduction and infectious diseases.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n              \u003Cdiv class=\u0022see-more-tag\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cstrong\u003ESee also:\u003C\/strong\u003E\n              \u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/publicationterms\/cannabinoid-modulation-ev-composition-and-function-hivsiv-infection\u0022\u003ECannabinoid modulation of EV composition and function in HIV\/SIV infection\u003C\/a\u003E          \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/article\u003E\n\u003C\/li\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003E\n\u003Carticle class=\u0022bibcite-reference bibcite bibcite--teaser\u0022\u003E\n  \n  \n  \n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022bibcite__content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022bibcite-citation\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cdiv class=\u0022csl-bib-body\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022csl-entry\u0022\u003EKaddour, Hussein, Yuan Lyu, Nadia Shouman, Mahesh Mohan, and Chioma M Okeoma. (2020) 2020. \u201c\u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/publications\/development-novel-high-resolution-size-guided-turbidimetry-enabled-particle\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EDevelopment of Novel High-Resolution Size-Guided Turbidimetry-Enabled Particle Purification Liquid Chromatography (PPLC): Extracellular Vesicles and Membraneless Condensates in Focus.\u003C\/a\u003E\u201d. \u003Ci\u003EInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences\u003C\/i\u003E 21 (15). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21155361.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field field--name-publishers-version field--type-link field--label-visually_hidden field--mode-teaser\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--label sr-only\u0022\u003EPublisher\u0027s Version\u003C\/div\u003E\n              \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--item\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/32731547\u0022\u003EPublisher\u0026#039;s Version\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n                \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--label field--abstract\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cbutton class=\u0022btn-abstract collapsed\u0022 data-toggle=\u0022collapse\u0022 data-target=\u0022#collapseAbstract\u0022 aria-expanded=\u0022false\u0022 aria-controls=\u0022collapseAbstract\u0022\u003EAbstract \u003C\/button\u003E\n    \u003C\/div\u003E\n                  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field--item abstract--content collapse\u0022 id=\u0022collapseAbstract\u0022 aria-expanded=\u0026quot;false\u0026quot;\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAcellular particles (extracellular vesicles and membraneless condensates) have important research, drug discovery, and therapeutic implications. However, their isolation and retrieval have faced enormous challenges, impeding their use. Here, a novel size-guided particle purification liquid chromatography (PPLC) is integrated into a turbidimetry-enabled system for dye-free isolation, online characterization, and retrieval of intact acellular particles from biofluids. The chromatographic separation of particles from different biofluids-semen, blood, urine, milk, and cell culture supernatants-is achieved using a first-in-class gradient size exclusion column (gSEC). Purified particles are collected using a fraction collector. Online UV-Vis monitoring reveals biofluid-dependent particle spectral differences, with semen being the most complex. Turbidimetry provides the accurate physical characterization of seminal particle (Sp) lipid contents, sizes, and concentrations, validated by a nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and naphthopyrene assay. Furthermore, different fractions of purified Sps contain distinct DNA, RNA species, and protein compositions. The integration of Sp physical and compositional properties identifies two archetypal membrane-encased seminal extracellular vesicles (SEV)-notably SEV large (SEVL), SEV small (SEVS), and a novel nonarchetypal\u03bc\u03bcembraneless Sps, herein named membraneless condensates (MCs). This study demonstrates a comprehensive yet affordable platform for isolating, collecting, and analyzing acellular particles to facilitate extracellular particle research and applications in drug delivery and therapeutics. Ongoing efforts focus on increased resolution by tailoring bead\/column chemistry for each biofluid type.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n              \u003Cdiv class=\u0022see-more-tag\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cstrong\u003ESee also:\u003C\/strong\u003E\n              \u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/publicationterms\/cannabinoid-modulation-ev-composition-and-function-hivsiv-infection\u0022\u003ECannabinoid modulation of EV composition and function in HIV\/SIV infection\u003C\/a\u003E          \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/article\u003E\n\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003C\/ul\u003E\n  \u003Cnav role=\u0022navigation\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022pagination-for-lop-publications-cannabinoid-modulation-of-ev-composition-and-function-in-hivsiv-infection\u0022 id=pager-heading\u003E\n    \u003Ch3 id=\u0022pagination-for-lop-publications-cannabinoid-modulation-of-ev-composition-and-function-in-hivsiv-infection\u0022 class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022\u003Epagination for lop publications cannabinoid modulation of ev composition and function in hivsiv infection\u003C\/h3\u003E\n    \u003Cul class=\u0022js-pager__items pager-mini\u0022\u003E\n            \u003Cli class=\u0022current\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cspan aria-live=\u0022polite\u0022\u003E\n            \u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022\u003ELOP - Publications - Cannabinoid modulation of EV composition and function in HIV\/SIV infection\u003C\/span\u003E\n            1 of 2\n          \u003C\/span\u003E      \u003C\/li\u003E\n              \u003Cli\u003E\n          \u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/refresh-widget-content\/1600?page=1\u0026amp;selector=list-of-posts\u0026amp;pagerid=pager-heading\u0026amp;moreid=node-readmore\u0022 class=\u0022use-ajax next\u0022 rel=\u0022next\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan aria-hidden=\u0022true\u0022\u003E\u203a\u203a\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022visually-hidden\u0022\u003ENext page\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\n        \u003C\/li\u003E\n          \u003C\/ul\u003E\n  \u003C\/nav\u003E\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022node-readmore\u0022 id=node-readmore\u003E\n            \u003Cdiv class=\u0022field field--name-field-url-for-the-more-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field--mode-_custom field--item\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/mohan-lab\/publications\u0022\u003EMore\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n      \u003C\/div\u003E\n","settings":null},{"command":"insert","method":"replaceWith","selector":"#","data":"","settings":null},{"command":"insert","method":"replaceWith","selector":"#","data":"","settings":null},{"command":"insert","method":"replaceWith","selector":".field--name-field-widget-title","data":"","settings":null}]